1. The fraud triangle indicates that fraud requires three components: perceived pressure, perceived opportunity and rationalisation.
2. It is helpful to consider the evidence left behind by a fraudulent act.
3. It is useful to consider the indicators of fraud arising from issues relating to ethical culture, people and structures.
4. It is appropriate to consider whether people understand objectives and risks, including when there are substantial changes.
5. Indicators include poor communication, poor use of information to support internal controls to deter fraud, and poor communication with external parties.